Financial Crisis The Great Depression Coursework

Money related Crisis The Great Depression - Coursework Example They saw to have moved the dangers by rehearsing reliance on unregulated speculators through instruments like Special Purpose Vehicles and Special Investment Vehicles (SPVs and SIVs). The current financial emergency consequently happened as the aftereffect of introduction to Market Risks because of such hazard move systems that caused numerous escape clauses in the Credit and Liquidity Risk Management. The whole calamity occurred in the loaning to Sub-Prime clients in home loan markets, which are people or organizations not having clean record as a consumer or normal wellspring of salary. The banks loan credits to Sub-Prime clients to profit the advantages of higher financing costs and utilized the component of Securitization to make sure about themselves that basically is the instrument of dispersing the danger of the loaning to the speculators outside the Banking framework through a procedure called Conduiting. The procedure of Securitization offered certainty to banks in this dang erous business and consequently brought about the blast of Credit Derivative Market. The cash was accepted to be moving through these courses legitimately from speculators to the borrowers through the SPV and SIV framework. The hazard assessors never envisioned that the basic guarantees (houses) will confront an accident in costs to a worldwide level that would be wild by even the administrations. Indeed, even the outer rating organizations couldn't foresee the Sub-Prime emergency in light of the fact that the Securitization Process was very mind boggling and the reliance of valuations was upon dissipated and untrustworthy information inside just as outside the center financial framework. This framework extended wildly and the market seriousness expanding exponentially bringing about banks endorsing advances bypassing basic techniques as though there was no an ideal opportunity for chance administration. The genuine dangers got secured under advertised information and reasonable val uation turned into a matter of joke to be broken. [Schmitz, Michael. C and Forray, Susan J. pp28-30; Clerc, Laurent. 2008. pp1-7] Target of the Research Coming up next are the fundamental goals of my exploration: 1. Discover what the reason/s of the current budgetary emergency is/are; 2. Discover what impact the emergency is having on the United Kingdom, for instance regarding financial force, and; 3. How people and organizations are influenced; 4. Finish up what is being done, and what should be possible about our current

Finance and Accounting, Literature Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Money and Accounting, - Literature survey Example Debates, for example, those connected to the previous GE CEO, Jack Welch and the NYSE CEO Richard Grasso have made numerous organizations to make a rule that will be utilized to constrain how much organization officials can procure. It is essential to take note of that even in the instances of the above CEOs, their work and execution at work was flawless and many would accept that they earned what they had buckled down for (Jensen and Murphyn 2004:15). In any case, there is a discernment that there was a ton of insufficient exposure and that they got a little ‘too much’ regardless of their exhibition. As indicated by the general gathering met by the International Labor Organization in 1951; the term compensation was characterized as (Yang 2008:654): â€Å"the common, essential or least pay and any extra advantages that are payable at all straightforwardly or by implication, regardless of whether in real money or in kind, by the business to the laborer and emerging out o f the worker’s employment.† Success then again is primarily characterized by the measure of yield procured because of one’s capacity to use the open door given to them to lead, direct, tutor and spur others viably. In spite of the fact that many accept that presentation is basic, others hypothesize that attributes and compelling practices figure out who one becomes and the amount they accomplish while at the official position (Yang 2008:654). Others accept that the fruitful ones are not really the best and the discussion may continue for quite a while. Be that as it may, the principle point of this report is to investigate the issue of compensations and how they are resolved dependent on execution, achievement and duty instead of sagacity to rise to higher positions rapidly. Breaking down Remuneration Packages The previous history, on the off chance that anything to pass by, shows the corporate world that supervisors, anyway compelling, require having a most extr eme for the organization to stay above water in any event, when they leave. Consideration is mostly given to the individuals who draw so much that the gap among them and the workers augments each other day. Individuals are qualified for get the most extreme they can from their difficult work. Notwithstanding, setting a top on the amount one can draw is additionally significant for successful running of the organization. Numerous anyway contend that the absence of appropriate and satisfactory divulgence on how much every one of these officials procures has set an obstruction among them and different workers (Jensen and Murphyn 2004:13). Many accept that they are getting record compensations and rewards. Accordingly, the 1951 show looked to bring all the compensations at standard inside the organizations without watering down the inspiration of the considerable number of representatives. For example, GE’s CEO had made arrangements for some rich retirement benefits that were lef t well enough alone to the board and the investors (Fama and French 2001:23). The notoriety of one of the world’s most prominent business visionaries was addressed. This occurrence persuaded this is the thing that the various CEOs were getting. The instance of the NYSE CEO was the same. He was charged that he will undoubtedly get a retirement advantage of near $190 million out of 2003 which was additionally not unveiled to the board (Jensen and Murphyn 2004:15). These cases realize a great deal of inquiries that the report will attempt to reply. The issue of divulgence is indispensable in any association dependent on the affectability of the compensations issue. Anyway persevering these officials are, the

Important Facts About Nicotine

Important Facts About Nicotine Addiction Nicotine Use Nicotine Withdrawal Print Important Facts About Nicotine By Terry Martin facebook twitter Terry Martin quit smoking after 26 years and is now an advocate for those seeking freedom from nicotine addiction. Learn about our editorial policy Terry Martin Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Sanja Jelic, MD on January 02, 2017 Sanja Jelic, MD, is board-certified in sleep medicine, critical care medicine, pulmonary disease, and internal medicine.   Learn about our Medical Review Board Sanja Jelic, MD Updated on September 03, 2019 Oscar Sánchez Photography/Moment Open/Getty Images More in Addiction Nicotine Use Nicotine Withdrawal After You Quit How to Quit Smoking Smoking-Related Diseases The Inside of Cigarettes Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Coping and Recovery Nicotine is a colorless alkaloid chemical that is most commonly sourced from the tobacco plant, which is in the nightshade family of plants. Nicotine is also present in small amounts in tomato, potato, green pepper, eggplant, and coca plants. Most commonly known as the addictive ingredient in tobacco products, nicotine is often mistakenly thought to be a harmless chemical otherwise. While research is ongoing regarding nicotine and how it affects the human body, a number of facts about the hazards of nicotine are available today, some of which might surprise you. How Nicotine Affects Body Chemistry When inhaled, nicotine travels to the brain quickly (within 10 seconds) and attaches to receptors where the neurotransmitter acetylcholine would normally dock. This starts a chain of chemical reactions that influence numerous bodily functions.?? Nicotine is a stimulant, but depending on the smokers mental and physical state, it can be perceived as energizing or relaxing. Most smokers are familiar with the feeling of a racing heart and/or shallow breathing when they smoke. Adrenaline, the fight or flight hormone is responsible for this. When nicotine reaches the brain, adrenaline is released, increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and restricting blood flow to the heart.?? Adrenaline also tells the body to move excess glucose into the bloodstream. At the same time, nicotine hinders the release of insulin from the pancreas, which would remove excess sugar from the blood. The result is that smokers are often in a state of hyperglycemia, meaning they have more sugar in their blood than is normal. High blood sugar dampens hunger, and this is a contributing factor to the appetite-suppressant effects of nicotine.?? Dopamine is another neurotransmitter that is activated when nicotine reaches the brain. Dopamine causes feelings of euphoria and is thought to play a significant role in addiction.?? Nicotine: Everything Youve Been Afraid to Ask Nicotine Is Poisonous Nicotine is extremely poisonous. While no exact figure has been established for a lethal dose, a recent study estimated a lower limit of 0.5â€"1  g.?? That said, tobacco products do not contain enough nicotine to cause a fatal overdose when used as directed. For example, a typically manufactured cigarette contains about 10 mg of nicotine, but most of it goes up in smoke, with approximately one milligram of nicotine being inhaled by the smoker. Nicotine can be lethal to children in doses as small as 10 milligrams.?? Plants produce nicotine to protect themselves from predators, and people use nicotine in pesticides for the same reason.?? Nicotine can be absorbed through the skin, which is the delivery method with the nicotine patch. A spill of electronic cigarette nicotine solution (known as e-juice) can be hazardous for this reason. Researchers have discovered that the nicotine in secondhand smoke can  be absorbed through bare skin that is exposed to the smoke. It can also be absorbed into the skin from clothing that has been contaminated by nicotine.?? Ingredients and Additives in Cigarettes Risks of Nicotine Exposure for Children and the Unborn Child Nicotine is present in the residue left behind by cigarette smoke in a closed environment, also known as third-hand smoke. This presents a danger to small children who may ingest nicotine on toys and small hands that find their way to a childs mouth.?? Young children are also at risk of nicotine poisoning from chewing on full cigarettes/cigarette butts, or NRT products like nicotine gum or nicotine patches. Please keep these items out of the reach of children. Nicotine may decrease the ability of sperm to fertilize eggs by as much as 75%.??  Nicotine docks with receptor sites on sperm cells and impedes their viability in men who are heavy smokers. Nicotine causes blood vessels to constrict. In pregnant mothers, this translates to less oxygen and nutrients delivered to the fetus.?? Nicotine easily crosses the placental barrier and can be detected in both fetal circulation and amniotic fluid. At this time, it is not known how much nicotine in vitro would be considered fatal for the fetus.?? Nicotine accumulates in breast milk, is passed on to nursing infants, and appears to affect their sleep patterns. How Nicotine Can Hurt Your Health Research has uncovered a link between nicotine and vascular smooth muscle cell damage, contributing to the formation of plaques that lead to heart disease.?? Nicotine slows the production of bone-producing cells called osteoblasts. This prolongs healing when bones are broken.?? Nicotine inhibits apoptosis, a process that removes unwanted cells in the body (programmed cell death). Since some of the cells targeted by apoptosis are mutations that may become cancerous in the future, inhibiting this important function may contribute to life-threatening diseases.?? Smoking is a known risk factor for degenerative disc disease.?? Nicotine and carbon monoxide in cigarette smoke hinder spinal disc cells from absorbing vital nutrients in blood, which in turn leads to premature dehydration and degeneration of spinal discs. Nicotine is among the most toxic of all poisons and is highly addictive. It is a mistake to think that using nicotine in a form that doesnt involve cigarettes is harmless. Products like smokeless tobacco and electronic cigarettes may be considered less harmful when compared to cigarette smoking, but they carry considerable health hazards as well. And dont forget, while nicotine addiction is actively engaged, ex-smokers are at a heightened risk for a full-fledged smoking relapse.?? Dont settle for less than you deserve. Recovery from nicotine addiction takes some work, but it is doable and so rewarding. Life works better on every level when we free ourselves from the self-imposed prison addiction puts us into. Health Benefits of Quitting Smoking

How The European Central Bank S Structure Is Managed Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1588 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? The European Central Bank (ECB) is the main central bank for the 15 countries that are part of the European System of Central Bank (ESCB) or the Eurosystem. The ESCB or Eurosystem consist of the ECB and all the central banks of the member states (national central banks). It has the following basic responsibilities, to define and implement the monetary policy of the community, to conduct foreign exchange operations in accordance with Article III of the Treaty, to hold and manage the official foreign reserve of the member states, and to promote the smooth operations of the payment systems (Issing, 2008, p. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "How The European Central Bank S Structure Is Managed Finance Essay" essay for you Create order 54). The ECB was established on June 1, 1998 in Frankfurt am Main. Its main responsibilities, according to the Europa.eu, are to manage the European Unions (EU) single currency, the euro, to safeguard price stability for the EUs citizens and for framing and implementing the EUs economic and monetary policy (European Union, 2010). Omar Issing further states in his book entitle The Birth of the Euro, that the ECB has a monopoly on the issue of banknotes within the euro areaÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦it is empowered to collect the statistical data necessary for the conduct of monetary policy (Issing, 2008, p. 54). This monopoly enjoyed by the ECB is nothing short of the main focus of central banks in regulating the monetary system (money supply) of their country. But how does the ECB governs itself? How are decisions made by the ECB in achieving its objectives and responsibilities? And how does the ECB regulate the Eurosytem or ESCB? Governance of the ECB is done through the main decision making bodies that comprised its operation the Governing Council, the Executive Board and the General Council. Firstly, the Governing Council is the ECBs highest decision-making body and it comprised six (6) members of the Executive Board and the 15 central banks governors of the Eurosystem, a total of 21 members (Issing, 2008, p. 67). These members meet twice a month via telephone conferencing and usually in the month of August. The central task of the Governing is to adopt guidelines necessary for the operations of the Eurosystem and to formulate monetary policy for its community. Therefore, a country, once they entered the Eurosystem their responsibility for monetary policy passes from their national central bank to the ECB. Thus the single important function of the Governing Council is to ensure that the central objective of the ECB, price stability is achieved and this is accomplished as a result of using a single index (th e euro) for the entire European community (Issing, 2008, p. 68). Secondly, the Executive Board of the ECB comprises six (6) persons: the President, the Vice-President and four other members. It is considered to be the operational decision-making body of the ECB. Also its primary responsibility is to implement the monetary policy as defined by the Governing Council. And like the Governing Council, the Executive Board is a collegial body. A collegial body is an entity whose power and authority is vested in its members. Thus each member of the Executive Board has one vote, which the President has the deciding vote if there is a tie (Issing, 2008, p. 70). Otmar Issisng the author of the Birth of the Euro was a former member of the Executive Board from 1998 to May 2006 in the capacity of Directorates General, Economics and Research. Finally, the third decision-making arm of the ECB is the General Council. It comprises the President and Vice-President of the ECB and all the governors of the central banks of the member state. Other members of the Executive Board may sit with the General Council and participate in its operation but they cannot vote. The General Council assumes the role of the former European Monetary Institute (EMI) formed in Jan 1994 which had no monetary policy powers. Today nothing has changed concerning its mandate which now include providing monetary advice to European Union (EU) countries that have not yet joined and overseeing the functioning of the exchange rate mechanism (Issing, 2008, p. 75). How do these three bodies work together in making decision to satisfy its primary objective of price stability? What exactly is the ESCB? And what role they play in the ECBs monetary policy? Otmar Issing states further that the functionality of the ECBs monetary policy rest on three pillars: prohibition of monetary financing, central bank independence and primacy of price stability (Issing, 2008, p. 54). These three pillars summarize how the ECB regulate the Eurosystem which essentially is its single monetary policy. The prohibition of monetary refers to the historical account where member states national central banks were pressured into buying up unlimited amount of government paper or granting direct credit to the public sector. These actions by the central banks increased the money supply or the amount of money in circulation which caused inflationary pressure in the community. Now ECB and the national central banks are prohibited from engaging into such actions (Article 101 of the Treaty) and a ban has also being placed on their ability to provide provision of credit to the public sector coupled with the direct purchase of public debt instruments (Issing, 2008, p. 5 5). Another pillar of the monetary policy of the ECB and the national central banks concerns their independence found in Article 108 of the Treaty which is quoted: When exercising the powers and carrying out the tasks and duties conferred upon them by this Treaty and the Statue of the ESCB, neither the ECB, nor a national central bank, nor any member of their decision-making bodies shall seek or take instructions from Community institutions or bodies, from any government of a Member State or from any other body. The community institutions and bodies and the governments of the Member states undertake to respect this principle and not to seek to influence the members of the decision-making bodies of the ECB or of the national central banks in the performance of their tasks (Issing, 2008, p. 56) This quotation sums up the importance of the ECBs independence from the respective government bodies or legislative powers from the different member countries. Therefore, persons working within the ECB would be subject to this independence as well. Such independence attributed to staff of the ECB is to ensure that contracts cannot be terminated prematurely, for example, members of the Executive Board have a term of office of eight years with no renewal. The ECBs independence is fundamental to the implementation and formulation of monetary policy (Issing, 2008, p.56). The final pillar that contributes to the regulation of the Eurosystem is referred to as the primacy of price stability or in other words, the ECB primary responsibility is to maintain price a stable price throughout the Eurosystem. Why is this objective of price stability so important to monetary policy? If price stability is not maintained it will cause inflation and the contrary to this is deflation. Price stability here is defined as a year-on-year increase in the Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) for the euro area of below two per centÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦aim to maintain inflation rates close to two per cent over the medium term (Issing, 2008, p. 115). Issing gives three important reasons for the importance of price stability as adopted by the ECB, namely, that central planning is based on the correct signals coming from prices in deciding on production and consumption, investing and saving issues. These correct signals from prices refer to changes in relative prices. Changes in relative prices consequently signal changes in relative scarcity which acts as a guide for participant in market activities pointing them in the right direction. Simultaneous shifts in prices cause difficulty in differentiating between shifts in relative prices and overall price increases. Such anomaly means that the economy is operating below performance or below potential which affects investment and household spending (Issing, 2008, p. 62). As mentioned in the above, inflation or deflation causes changes in price and such changes can distort the distribution of income and wealth. This re-distribution of income and wealth is also affected by the tax system, specifically through transfer payments based on nominal values and adjusted values. Research done by Edmund Phelps, the 2006 Nobel laureate has shown that such effects can be substantial even at harmless levels of inflation (Issing, 2008, p. 62). The final point based on the importance for price stability rest on the assumption surrounding the uncertainty of predicting the stability of future prices. Marketing intermediaries will hedge against this uncertainty as a precautionary measure which will lead to corresponding increases in nominal prices and not long-term interest rates. As a consequent of this action by marketing intermediaries financing for investment becomes more expensive and so does government borrowing (Issing, 2008, p. 63). Conclusion The ECB single most responsibility justifiably has been since its inception is to maintain price stability across the Eurosystem. It has been a challenge or a mammoth task by the ECB given the intricacies involved in the implementation and formulation of mechanism to complement and support this objective. The three pillar approach conceptualized by Otmar Issing has proven to be the one of the success factors capitalized by the ECB used to regulate the Eurosystem. There are many other areas worth mentioning that would underscore the importance of utilizing such an approach, but would extend beyond the bounds of this paper, for example, other monetary policy options considered (Taylor Rule, discretionary policy, inflationary targeting and others) and what are some of the instruments of monetary policy. References European Union. (2010, December). Europa. Retrieved from https://europa.eu/institutions/financial/ecb/index_en.htm Issing, O. (2008). The Birth of the Euro. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

Henrik Ibsen s A Doll s House - 1291 Words

002322- 3 Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House is based in the Victorian society of the 19th century. It assesses the many struggles and hardships that women faced because of marriage â€Å"laws† that were crucial during that time period. The society was male- dominated with no equality. Nora is the protagonist in A Doll’s House and the wife of a man named Torvald. This play is about Nora’s voyage to recognizing her self- determination and independence. She transforms from a traditional, reserved woman to a new, independent woman. Nora’s relationship with Mrs. Linde, Nils Krogstad, and her husband, Torvald, help her personality grow throughout the play, A Doll’s House. In Henrik Ibsen’s play, A Doll’s House, many literary elements such as juxtaposition, irony, and symbolism are intentionally used to reveal Nora’s true character. There is juxtaposition that Ibsen creates between Mrs. Linde and Nora. This is shown mainly through their marriages. Nora and Torvald play unequal roles in their marriage and according to Torvald, Nora is a child- like object whom he must provide for. In their relationship, Nora plays the passive role. Her only duty is to please her husband, who feels he is superior to her. Mrs. Linde’s situation was totally different. She was looking desperately for a job at the beginning of the play, as her husband, Mr. Linde, had just died. She and Krogstad had a relationship in the past, but because of her family’s financial needs she ends up marrying a businessman, Mr.Show MoreRelatedHenrik Ibsen s A Doll House1563 Words   |  7 Pages In the play, A Doll House by Henrik Ibsen, the title itself symbolizes the dependent and degraded role of the wife within traditional marriages. Ibsen portrayed the generous nature root into women by society, as well as the significant action of this nature, and lastly the need for them to find their own voice in a world ruled by men. Ibsen wrote this play in 1879, this is the era where women were obedient to men, tend the children until their husband came home, and stood by the Cult of DomesticityRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1717 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"A Doll, a Partner, and a Change† Social movement of women liberation toward equal rights and independence has been a big subject in human history. It happens not only in Europe but also all over the world. Though making progress, this movement has been advancing slowly and encountered backslashes from time to time. Maybe there is something deeply hidden which the society has not figured out yet, even women themselves. What do women want, freedom or good life? Most of the time, they are notRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1291 Words   |  6 Pages A Doll s House by Henrik Ibsen, is a play that has been written to withstand all time. In this play Ibsen highlights the importance of women’s rights. During the time period of the play these rights were neglected. Ibsen depicts the role of the woman was to stay at home, raise the children and attend to her husband during the 19th century. Nora is the woman in A Doll House who plays is portrayed as a victim. Michael Meyers said of Henrik Ibsen s plays: The common denominator in many of IbsenRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1288 Words   |  6 Pages Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House is based in the Victorian society of the 19th century. It assesses the many struggles and hardships that women faced because of marriage â€Å"laws† that were crucial during that time period. The society was male- dominated with no equality. Nora is the protagonist in A Doll’s House and the wife of a man named Torvald. This play is about Nora’s voyage to recognizing her self- determination and independence. She transforms from a traditional, reserved woman to a new, independentRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1298 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"There is beauty in truth, even if it s painful. Those who lie, twist life so that it looks tasty to the lazy, brilliant to the ignorant, and powerful to the weak. But lies only strengthen our defects. They don t teach anything, help anything, fix anything or cure anything. Nor do they develop one s character, one s mind, one s heart or one s soul.† (Josà © N. Harris). Nora Helmer’s choice to lie and deceive is inappropriate and wrong for women to do to her husband during this time period; itRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1037 Words   |  5 PagesHenrik Ibsen s A Doll s House is a work of literature genius. This three-act play involves many literary technics that are undermined by the average reader such as the fact that the plot shows the main characters Torvald and his wife Nora live the perfect life. An ironic paradox based around the fact that Nora and Torvald’s relationship is the complete opposite of perfect. Also, bringing upon a conflict as well, appearance versus reality. These little hidden meanings within stories are what areRead MoreA Doll s House : Henrik Ibsen962 Words   |  4 PagesDrama Analysis A Doll’s House (Henrik Ibsen) And Trifles (Susan Glaspell) In comparing both dramas, the overwhelming aspect of convergence between both is the open discussion of gender identity. Both dramas make similar points about what it means to be a woman. Modern society in both dramas is constructed with men holding power over women. This is seen in Trifles in how men like George Henderson and Mr. Hale are myopic. The premise of the drama is how women worry over trifles, and the dismissiveRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1421 Words   |  6 PagesIn A Doll’s House, Henrik Ibsen examines conventional roles of men and women in the nineteenth century. In the play, Nora exemplifies the conventional feminine standard during that period. She seems to be powerless and confines herself through high standard expectations, demonstrating what the role of a women would be as a wife and mother. The protagonist of A Doll’s House is a woman named Nora Helmer. Ibsen shows how Nora’s design of perfect life gradually transforms when her sec ret unravels. InRead MoreHenrik Ibsen s A Doll House Essay1501 Words   |  7 PagesHenrik Ibsen’s play â€Å"A Doll House† was set in the Victorian era, a time where women were highly respected. Women in this time period did not work, they had nannies to take care of their children and maids to take care of their homes. Many women had no real responsibilities, they spent their time having tea parties and socializing with their friends. Henrik Ibsen dared to show the realism of the Victorian era while everyone else would only focus on the romantic aspect. In the play, â€Å"A Doll House†Read MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen876 Words   |  4 PagesA Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen A Doll’s House takes place in the home of Torvald and Nora Helmer. Through conversation with Nora’s good friend Kristine Linde it is revealed that Mr. Helmer was ill around the same time Nora’s father died. Luckily Nora’s father left her enough money that Torvald and Nora could go on a life saving trip to Italy. But the truth comes out when we find out Nora’s father did not leave her a penny. We find out that Nora got a hold of the money through a loan but she signed

Pros and Cons of Social Studies Teaching Free Essays

Characteristics of Short Stories [pic][pic] References Alphonse, M. , (2011). Naturalism in Literature. We will write a custom essay sample on Pros and Cons of Social Studies Teaching or any similar topic only for you Order Now Retrieved November 20, 2012 from http://www. buzzle. com/articles/naturalism-in-literature. htmlom. Vaux, R. (2012). What Are the Basic Characteristics of Realism. Retrieved November 20, 2012 from http://www. ehow. com/facts_5714410_basic-characteristics-realism_. html. [pic] ———————– Dramatic Structure Exposition: Introduction to setting, situation, and main characters. Complication An event that introduces the conflict. Rising Action Crisis: Crucial moment for the protagonist to commit to a course of action. Climax The highest interest of conflict, the most action. Resolution The point when the conflict is resolved. Naturalism Realism Pessimism: When a character tends to repeat a phrase by having a pessimistic outlook, this sometimes emphasizes the inevitability or quality of death, or the end (Alphonse, 2011). Detachment: The author tries to maintain an objective tone by achieving a detachment or change through nameless characters. This focuses mainly on the plot and character rather than focusing on the character only (Alphonse, 2011). Determinism: The notion that individual characters have a direct choice on their lives is replaced by a focus on fate or nature; this is the opposite of the belief of free will. The author makes the reader believe that the fate of the character has already been predetermined by certain factors, especially environmental factors and he can do nothing to change it (Alphonse, 2011). Twist at the end: There is an overwhelming sense in the naturalist stories and novels that nature is not affected by human struggle. The key themes, survival, determinism, violence, and taboo, have been ideally portrayed in all the works of this literature genre (Alphonse, 2011). Accuracy: Realism strives for total accuracy in the depiction of its subjects. Devoid of any unnecessary dramatics or artistic affectation. Realistic works refrain from undue embellishment, and strive for a natural tone (Vaux, 2012). Read more: What Are the Basic Characteristics of Realism? eHow. com http://www. ehow. com/facts_5714410_basic-characteristics-realism_. html#ixzz2CmwKmoVv Honesty: Realism seeks the depiction of honesty. Avoid hiding things behind distortions or opinions. Unpleasant facts or images are presented as they are, as are plain or unassuming details about the content (Vaux, 2012). Independence: Philosophical realism stresses the independence of objects from the reader. The author gives a life and an existence separate from anything else, which will continue regardless of anyone’s opinions the matter (Vaux, 2012). Ordinariness: The subjects of realistic works are defined not by their exceptional nature, but by how ordinary they seem. This allows ordinary to have a voice (Vaux, 2012). Difficulties: Realistic protagonists are often beset by great forces beyond their control or the natural world. Through indifference of a larger society, and in many cases they do not find triumph in their struggle. Unhappy endings are not always the norm in realistic stories, but they are fairly common. Happy endings often involve compromise and larger than life victories (Vaux, 2012). How to cite Pros and Cons of Social Studies Teaching, Papers

No Brainer free essay sample

The statement coined by Descartes, I think, therefore I am, no longer holds true for the middle of the last decade of the twentieth century. This is mostly due to the emergence of monumental technological breakthroughs since the formulation of this statement in the seventeenth century. In fact, I have technology, therefore I am and/or My God said so, therefore I am could be contemporary versions of this statement that accurately describe us today. In the past, one was free to think for himself, or forced to think for himself, because no one else or nothing else could think for him. The rise in the use of computers this century, however, has revolutionized the way things are done. Those who own the technology no longer have to think about menial tasks. For example, when one buys a product in a store for $1.38 and hands the cashier a five-dollar bill, the cashier will punch in the five dollars and let the computerized cash register indicate the correct change of . We will write a custom essay sample on No Brainer or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 62 to give to the customer. No thinking on the part of a person is involved. Instead, it is substituted by a reliance on mechanical and repetitious actions which are unproductive and unhealthy for the mind. We human beings are blessed with the capability to reason and to think logically; therefore, we cannot function as subservient individuals to the modern technology that we have created. Our growing reverence for technology and its comforts will ultimately strip us of our creativity and our curiosity to learn. This ultimately obviates the need to make decisions based on our own judgments because computers will take care of everything with a touch of a button. Obviously, once the computers malfunction, life as we know it will be in chaos since we would not be able to survive without the complex gadgets. Furthermore, as economic stability becomes more uncertain, the destitute and despondent masses will turn to religion and their God for consolation. Although this seems paradoxical in a time when the degradation of society is eminent, I think, therefore I am could be justly altered into My God says so, therefore I am to match the social atmosphere of today. These people are all foolishly deceived into thinking that they are notorious sinners who must incessantly repent now in order to enter the kingdom of Heaven later. Evidently, these desperate believers are again subordinate to a supreme being who has supposedly intended the present hopelessness to test the loyalty of those who perceive that He is omnipotent and is looking out for our best interests. Hence, it is no longer I think, therefore I am but My computer thinks, therefore I am and/or My God says so, therefore I am, which more accurately reflects the pervasive attitudes of society as it stands now. The advancements of science and technology are meant to supplement or ease the tasks of daily life and were not created to be necessities of life. We are essentially emancipated human beings who must not be confined by the devastating shackles of our own technological creations.

Should People Make More of an Effort to Keep Things Private Essay Essay Example

Should People Make More of an Effort to Keep Things Private Essay Essay Example Should People Make More of an Effort to Keep Things Private Essay Essay Should People Make More of an Effort to Keep Things Private Essay Essay Peoples should do more of an attempt to maintain factors of their life private. For illustration when you see some people on Facebook updating about what they had for breakfast. I do non believe we need to cognize that isn’t them genuinely showing themselves nevertheless that seems to be what they think they are making. You shouldn’t express yourself via the cyberspace it should be what you do in certain state of affairss and how you do it that express who you are. Today. many seem to non to desire to maintain some enigma about them. In add-on. the cyberspace does do this hard as all you have to make is ‘Google’ person and you can happen out where they live. work. what their avocations are and even who their household are. Initially. the fact you can happen this information so easy is improbably chilling. Besides it takes off the enigma of run intoing person and acquiring to cognize them when you can flick through their Facebook images and happen out what they wore last Christmas. We expect people to esteem our privateness but so we go and post all our inside informations. this makes us dissemblers. I understand non everyone may make this but the bulk do. if you post images on the cyberspace. set your name and figure anyplace you are giving off your privateness. Even the authoritiess can non esteem our privateness. They put security cameras on every corner. in every edifice. Intelligibly they prevent and solve offenses but as a consequence it removes our privateness. Besides. it is a immense factor in being a ‘nanny state’ where we no longer have any privateness or the freedom to do determinations. They should esteem our privateness and swear their people. However. should they esteem our privateness if we think we have the right to cognize about their private lives? For illustration. we know all about Arnold Schwarzenegger’s love kid but should we be privy to this information it doesn’t affect is ability to make his occupations. Besides football participants are a good illustration as many of them have personal businesss but it doesn’t affect how they play. Why do we cognize intimate inside informations of their life? Why do we experience we have the right to it? We wouldn’t want everyone in our street cognizing inside informations like that allow entirely desiring it to be common cognition internationally. We should esteem their privateness every bit long as it does non impact how they act publically. In decision. even though the media may non esteem some individual’s privateness and the authoritiess may take ours as a bi-product of protecting us people should do more of an attempt to maintain some factors of their life private. As I said at the get downing people should retain some enigma and express themselves genuinely by what they do and how they do it. Yet. they may experience free to show themselves by stating us about their breakfast if it is a humourous anecdote or an interesting metaphor.

Book Summary for Siddhartha

Book Summary for Siddhartha Siddhartha is a novel by German author Hermann Hesse. It was first published in 1921. Publication in the United States occurred in 1951 by New Directions Publishing of New York. Setting The novel Siddhartha is set in the Indian Subcontinent (Islands off the southeastern tip of the  Indian  peninsula), is often considered a part of the  subcontinent. during the time of the Buddhas enlightenment and teaching. The period about which Hesse writes is between the fourth and fifth century BCE. Characters Siddhartha - the protagonist of the novel, Siddhartha is the son of a Brahmin (religious leader). During the course of the story, Siddhartha journeys far from home in search of spiritual enlightenment. Govinda - Siddharthas best friend, Govinda is also searching for spiritual enlightenment. Govinda is a foil to Siddhartha as he is, unlike his friend, willing to accept spiritual teachings without question. Kamala - a courtesan, Kamala acts as the ambassador to the material world, introducing Siddhartha to the ways of the flesh. Vasudeva - the ferryman who sets Siddhartha on the true path to enlightenment. Plot for Siddhartha Siddhartha centers on the spiritual quest of its title character. Dissatisfied with the ritualistic religious upbringing of his youth, Siddhartha leaves his home with his companion Govinda to join a group of ascetics who have renounced the pleasures of the world in favor of religious meditation. Siddhartha remains unsatisfied and turns to a life opposite to that of the Samanas. He embraces the pleasures of the material world and abandons himself to these experiences. Eventually, he becomes disillusioned with the decadence of this life and again wanders in search of spiritual wholeness. His quest for enlightenment is finally achieved when he meets a simple ferryman and comes to understand the true nature of the world and himself. Questions Consider the following while reading the novel. 1. Questions about the character: What significant differences are there between Siddhartha and Govinda?Why does Siddhartha continue to question and explore different philosophies and ideas about religion?Why does Siddhartha reject the teachings of the Buddha?In what way is Siddharthas son like his father?Explain the dual role of the ferryman. 2. Questions about the theme: What role does the natural world play in the thematic development of the novel?What is Hesse saying about the quest for enlightenment?How does the internal conflict of Siddhartha add to the archetypal theme of Man vs. Himself?In what way does love confound Siddhartha? Possible First Sentences Like many great novels, Siddhartha is the story of an individual in search of answers about himself and his world.The idea of spiritual enlightenment is very complex.Siddhartha is a revelation of Eastern religion and philosophy.

Entreprenuership Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Entreprenuership Report - Essay Example The marketing department determines the patterns of demand in the market. This therefore informs the production in order set an appropriate supply for the products in the market. The report below discusses the process of introducing a new product in an already existing market. In doing this, the report includes an extensive situational analysis, resource allocation, marketing, distribution among other essential operations that will help secure a substantial market for the new product. Introducing a new product in an already existing and active market requires the consideration of various features of both the market and the new product. Marketing refers to a management function concerned with the determination, anticipation and satisfaction of the market demand. An appropriate marketing department should earn a product whether old or new a substantial size of the market capable of achieving the product profitability. Among the key factors considered in the market research, include the name of the product, the price that must consider the cost of doing business and the profitability among other essential features of the market (Parente, 2005). Marketing is an essential department in the introduction of the new product; the marketing team must carry out effective market researches and market analysis in order to determine all the factors that will influence the demand for the new product. This way, it advises other essential department in the company such as the pro duction department on the quantity of products and the features to incorporate in such products in order for the products to gain profitability desired. United Kingdom is a developed economy; this implies that the people have a higher purchasing power. The smart TV market can therefore sustain yet a new product, which will compete effectively against the many other products currently in the market. However, such a market makes informed

Corporation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Corporation - Essay Example From the aspect of business, we are the revenue for the firms. â€Å"We† are also considered as a potential source for new orders and new customers. Therefore each and every firm tries hard to retain their existing customer base because it is believed that a satisfied customer is equal to an advertisement for the company and retaining the existing customer is more profitable than replacing them with the new ones. (Hawkins 2010 p.22). However in the process of competition among the firms, the aspects that suffer the most are the social factors, humanitarian grounds and public interest. The Corporation â€Å"The Corporation† is a work by Joel Bakan which deals with the history of corporations and the key features it exhibit today. In the book the author has discussed about the procedure of business conducted by the firms of the recent era and the impacts it has on the general people. The topic of corporate social responsibility has also been covered in the book and the wo rk has been primarily addressed to the public at large making them aware of the malpractices of the corporations as well as the provoking attitude of the firms (Bakan 2005). Bakan in his book states the account of the organizations belonging to the 18th century and draws a comparison with the current corporate practices. During the past, the corporate structure was fairly exceptional and facilitated exclusively the methods for carrying out specific big projects for the interest of the public. Today the firms tend to govern our societies and economies. Greater emphasis can be found on the main attributes of management control and restricted liability, and on the reasonably modern notion that the organizations have a separate legal entity (Davies 2010 p.55), who might even have the benefit of several human rights. The writer puts further stress on the fact that financial controversies related to firms are not a new thing. Such scandals have always formed the part and parcel of the org anizational framework of conducting business. The transformation in the early parts of 20th century, gave rise to the concept of corporate social responsibility, which is showcased as a response by the business organizations to the general public’s common threat about the power and size that corporations started to build up, and to the associated requirement of a stricter administrative regulation on them. The concept of the fiscal idea of externalities has been also mentioned in the book which argues that the organization’s propensity to outsource costs is at the source of most of the world’s environmental and social issues. Interesting instances has been presented in the text regarding the cost-benefit study within the car business where the passengers’ protection is considered to be the main concern. Unlawfulness in the business activity is universal, and it takes place from the- unethical character of the corporation And from the breakdown of the regu latory structure, due to laidback regulations and futile enforcement. The corporations today focus mainly on their own interest neglecting the harmful and long-lasting effect on the society at large. There were many commercials that were created for the promotion of a product but ended up in causing injury to the humanitarian interests. The complaints lodged regarding the commercials amounted to a total number of 25,214 complaints in 2010 among which 96% were lodged by the associates of the public forum and 4% belonged to the

Using GDP as a Measure of Living Standard

Using GDP as a Measure of Living Standard Introduction Real GDP is measure to assess changes in economic welfare over time, to make international comparison of GDP, and for business cycle assessment and forecasting. (Parkin et al 2000). The gross national product (now measured as GDP) was introduced during World War II as a measure of wartime production capacity. Now it is commonly used worldwide as indicator of economic progress (http://www.redefiningprogress.org cited on 1st June 2008). GDP is not accounting Household production, Quality improvement, the underground economy, Health and safety Expectancy, Leisure time, The Environment Quality, Equal wealth Distribution, Political freedom and social justice. GDP can be good indicator of measure of economy living but it is not accurate measure of living standard. â€Å" Improving livings standards is about poor families gaining access to what is available at the time to make comfortable, healthy and rewarding .in the end, economic statistics only measure what they measure, we may not bear much relation to how well off we are.† (The Independent Dec 2002) Source: US department of state (www.usinfo.state.gov cited on 22nd May 2008) Poverty Rising Real GDP is not affecting on the reduction of poverty and change in living standard. USA is the wealthiest country in the world having high real GDP, but more than 35 million people out of 294 million of population faced hunger in 2006 and 390000 in 2005 According to the US Department of agriculture’s household food security report, that 10.4% of all U.S adults and 17.2 percent of all children faced the food insecurity in 2006. (www.ipsnews.net cited on 22nd May 2008) According to survey in 2005, India had population of approx. 1094.6 Millions and Pakistan had population of approx. 155.8 Million. (www.worldbank.org cited 13th May 2008). Real GDP per capita from 2000 2006 Years Data Source: (United Nation, USA 2007 ‘Economic and Social survey of Asia and the pacific 2007’) The real GDP gap between India and Pakistan shows that average Indian people are better being then average Pakistani People. But poverty ratio shows that living standard of India is lower than Pakistan. By comparing India’s population below $1 and poverty line per day with Pakistan shows that living standard of India is not very high than Pakistan because people ratio living below $1 is high that mean they are not using full resources of a happy life. So GDP is not representing the living standard of people and also not counting the poverty ratio. COUNTRY Population Below National Poverty line Per day (%) 1990-2004 Population Below $1 Per day (%) 1990-2005 GDP Per Capita (PPP US $) (2005) CHINA INDIA PAKISTAN SIERRA LEONE NIGERIA ZAMBIA 4.6 28.6 32.6 70.2 34.1 68 9.9 34.3 17 57 70.8 63.8 6757 3452 2370 806 1128 1023 About 10 sub Saharan economies are suffering from malnutrition all the time. (The Observer 18th May 2008) Exchange Rate Inflation It is difficult to compare living standard because exchange rate of country do not show the domestic purchasing power of a currency e.g. any product cost in USA will be 10$ but in China may be 5$. So comparison should consider these. Purchasing power party (PPP) is exchange rates between currencies are in equilibrium and when two countries purchasing power same. Gross domestic products are accounted on standard way based on trade exchange, value of international (dollar) that is purchasing power parity. If the exchange rates of two countries same then the price level will be fixed for both countries products and services. If the domestic price level of any country increase, then exchange rate will be depreciate to return PPP then that country will experience inflation. (www.ftb.bis.gov cited on 27th May 2008) According to World Bank survey (9th April, 2008) on recently increasing the high prices of food will increase the poverty in poor and developing countries. The rise in oil prices changes the each commodity price and result into increase in poverty, the 80% increase in prices of maize and 70% increased in price of rice played main link to increase in poverty. (World Bank 2008) According to head of UN, About 850 million people are facing already the shortage of food and rapidly rising prices could push up to 130 millions population into hunger trap.( Metro 4th June ,2008) so when inflation will increase, it will increase the poverty in poor countries. In Real GDP, increase in price will account as inflation. Quality of Goods GDP is a quantitative measure, and thus does not capture the value of improvements in product quality e.g. $200 dollar phone costs the same as a $200 dollar phone 10 years ago ,it never include the new technology is introduces or quality of goods improved. Unemployment Rising GDP means we are better off, but it is not actually happening. According to recent report by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) May, 2008, Turkish youth hit by unemployment. In Turkey 18% of the total population young people aged 15-24, 30% go to school and 30 % work. This means that almost 40% young people have no proper education and/or are unemployed. It also reveals the extreme of sexual discrimination against female. So they are not able to get education because of family pressure. The report says that turkey has achieved continuous high economic growth of the order of 7.5 percent on average during the 2002-2006 periods. That mean turkey has strong economic growth but weaker human development. Turkey economy boosts cause of foreign debts. Economic growth based on foreign capital means that country like Turkey lacks the potential to handle unemployment and other socioeconomic ills. (www.wsws.org cited 16th May 2008). COUNTRY Population Total (millions) 2005 2015 Unemployment Rate Total (% of Labour force) 1996-2005 AUSTRALIA UK CHINA INDIA TURKEY ZAMBIA 20.3 22.4 60.2 62.8 1313.00 – 1388.60 1134.40 1302.50 73 82.1 11.5 13.8 4.9 5 4.2 4.3 9.9 12 Literacy Education is necessary and fundamental part of all societies and globally competitive economies. Education can reduce the poverty and inequality, improving the health precaution, enable the use of new technologies and knowledge. In an increasingly competitive knowledge based surroundings, primary education must be the priority and it leads to higher levels of education (http://ddp-xt.worldbank.org cited by 24th May 2008) Sources: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), World Bank, UNAIDS, ILO, Household Surveys, IMF, Country. Data are for the most recent year available in 2000-2005. If in a country more people will be literate it will increase the living standard of people and awareness of their rights. Curren( 2003) explained ‘’Illiteracy and other deprivations related to lack of basic education are significant obstacles to essentials of good living such as participation in economic activity, political life and decision making within family’’. Education is important for all age group and gender but some countries gender discrimination is high and woman discourages and their potential is not counted because of discrimination, education expenses, and household duties. In some countries girls are behind the boys in education and health care because of their parent’s discriminations and neglect. So gender inequalities in woman start in early and keep throughout their lives. (www.moe.gov.pk cited on 22nd May 2008). According to World Bank report says that more than 100 million primary school age children remain out of school. Because of poverty, parents concern of safety of their child, lack of school and bad teaching method. (http://ddp-ext.worldbank.org) Country Adult Literacy Rate (% aged 15 and older) 1995- 2005 Combined gross enrolment ratio for Primary, secondary, and tertiary Education (%) 2005 Saudi Arabia China India Pakistan Turkey Nigeria U.A.E 82.9 90.9 61 49.9 87.4 69.1 88.7 76 69.1 63.8 40 68.5 56.2 59.9 Source: Human Development Report 2007/2008 (www.hdrstats.undp.org) Under Ground Economy GDP never count the greatest source of wealth i.e. the household and volunteer work sectors go ignore entirely. GDP is not considering the factor of total production that people hide to avoid taxes because the production and services they are producing are illegal and never comes in GDP. (Parkin el at 2005) The black economy never comes in revenue, i.e. production by labor paid less than minimum wage rate, Labor are paid by giving cash avoid Taxes, unreported self employee, the tips money earned by taxi/cab drivers, waiters in Hotel Restaurants, Smuggling of products e.g. oil, etc. these transactions never comes in the figures for GDP. An estimated 5 to 10% black economy adds to GDP in the United States and the UK and 30% in Italy. In the late 1990s, in Russia estimated 50% black economy adds to GDP(The economist 31st may 2008 ). A lot of Household production carry on in developing countries never comes in economic transactions e.g. grass cutting, child care, embroidery stitching of cloths done by female at home, growing vegetable at home, production of hand made goods etc According to the latest estimate by Economist’s the calculation of the underground economy is to average 15% of national output for developed countries and 33% for developing countries. According to the survey Nigeria and Thailand have the world largest black economies accounting for more than 70% of GDP. (www.tutor2u.net/economics cited on 07th May, 2008). Changes in Leisure Time For the long life and leisure time as if we have more leisure facilities we live better, that never count in GDP. (Parkin el at 2005). GDP only takes the market value of output, therefore, Leisure (paid vacation, holidays, leave time), which shows increase of well-being, satisfaction, and happiness is excluded in the GDP. Different reports have been highlighted that there are longer working hours are in America with compared to Europe which can cause stress and damage family life. European’s have choice for shorter weeks and a longer holiday that will leads to better life and more happiness but not leads to higher GDP as compared to America. Income inequality The GDP only tells how much income we produce but it fails to tell how that income is distributed. So the GDP increases the gap between poor and rich people. The real GDP was the key indicator of measure of national progress. The growth in GDP is offset by increasing inequality, High level of foreign dept, growing costs of unemployment, environment problems, and failure to maintain wealth equality, i.e. in same economy might be one group is using all resources. (Mc Taggart et al 1999). The large portion of financial wealth real GDP per capita goes to small percentage of population. Income and earnings are unequally distributed among the population. Economic growth increasing also accompanied that increasing poverty. ‘If the income is uneven distributed, then increase in income per capita may disproportionately benefit a small group of high income earners and have little impact on reducing poverty. The gini coefficient is used to measure how evenly income is distributed.’ (www.bized.co.uk/virtual cited on 21st May ,2008 The Gini coefficient (An INEQUALITY indicator ) varies from zero, that shows the perfect equailty of income. Latin America is the worlds most unequal region, with a Gini coefficient of around 0.5; in rich countries the figure is closer to 0.3.(The economist 2008). inequalirty will incrase moverty and it will effect to slow down the economic growth cause poor people cannot afford to buy their needs e.g. education,foods etc . The chart below shows that income is more unevenly distributed in Zambia as compared to other countries .so GDP per capita income is fail to count that how income is distributed among the population. Data Source: www.bized.co.uk cite on 21st May 2008 and World Bank development indicator 2007, Washington D.C. (www.hdrstats.undp.org cited on 21st May 2008) Pollution Crime, war, pollution, tobacco smoking, and car accidents all cause people to spend money and so they all increase the GDP. The more trees we fell, fish we catch, fossil fuels we burn, greenhouse gases we emit, the more the GDP increases. (http://www.redefiningprogress.org) Real GDP never count for the quality of life e.g. clean water, life expectancy, leisure time, and it never count for the increase in traffic congestion and loss of open space (www.bos.frb.org cited on 06th May, 2008) The causes to produce environment pollution are the carbon dioxide and Ozone depleting substance use. In china the emission of CO2 and ozone depleting substance use is greater than other developing countries. According to European space agency, Bijing and its surrounded cities have air pollution with the high level of nitrogen dioxide, which is dangerous for lungs. In 2005 when China was hosting for the Olympic Games in Beijing, satellite data has reveals that Beijing as air pollution capital of World. (The Guardian, Monday 31 October, 2005) In an overview of the report of WHO, the cigarette and tobacco product are polluting air as well and is the main cause of death. In 2003, 5 million people died most of in poor and over poor populations. (www.wsws.org cited 22nd May 2008). Data Source: Human development report 2007/2008 www.hrdstats.undp.org cited 5th May 2008) COUNTRY Ozone –depleting Substances use (grams per capita) (2004) CHINA INDIA PAKISTAN AUSTRALIA SINGAPORE IRAN MALAYSIA THAILAND JAPAN 27.1 9.3 10.2 9.5 50.5 89.9 59.2 39.7 15.3 Data Source: (Table: 29 United Nation, ‘Economic and Social survey of Asia and the pacific 2007’) and The World health Organization says that almost 3 million people are died worldwide because of air pollution out door and 1.6 from indoor 80% of illness and death in developing countries because of polluted water.2.1 people die with diarrhea disease. (BBC NEWS www.bbc.co.uk cited on 21/05/2008) The 2nd factor for the human being to live healthy in this world is clean water. In 2004 Romania faced big problem in clean drinking water. Many people became ill because of polluted water. According to WHO/UNICEF (joint monitoring program) in the Romania only 18% of population of the rural had access to clean drinking water (www.ens-newswire.com cited on 22 May 2008). If we see real GDP of Romania in 2004, it comes in high human developed countries but real GDP fail to count the clean water source for the people. In 2004, In comparison with India and Pakistan, the %age of resources using improved drinking water in rural and urban shows that India is behind Pakistan, but if view the economic growth in real GDP shows that India is better than Pakistan. In 2005 in china water pollution increase and 2 million people suffered diseases caused by drinking water with high arsenic content and cancer. In the rural area 360 million peoples faced lack of safe drinking water. The pollution increased 70% in lake and river and sample test. but 95%of water tests were polluted. (BBC NEWS, www.news.bbc.co.uk cited by 23rd May 2008) COUNTRY Share of population with access to improve Water sources (%) (2004) Share of population with access to improve Sanitation (%) (2004) CHINA INDIA PAKISTAN NIGERIA ZAMBIA 77 86 91 48 58 44 33 59 44 55 Data Source: Table- 29 United Nation, ‘Economic and Social survey of Asia and the pacific 2007’ Life expectancy and infant birth morality Good health and long life is the hope of everyone which does not show up in real GDP, at least not directly. (Parkin et al 2000).Increase in Real GDP will spend money on the medical and health safety but it ignore new health and expectancy problem every years e.g diseases i.e. Aids, , drug addiction,, murder and suicide and natural disasters i.e. Earthquake etc. In developing countries, in each year More than 500,000 women die in childbirth. In Asia and Africa, lack of access to trained health staff, modern medical facilities the ratio of maternal death may be more than 100 times higher as compared to woman in Western Europe and North America. (www. worldbank.org cited 22nd May 2008.) According to (WHO) report that in Japan life expectancy is higher. For example a baby born can expect to live 85 years having sufficient needs of life to live happy life e.g. food, vaccination and good education. On average enough funds to spend on medication per year. But in same way its not same situation in Sierra Leone a baby will survive a life expectancy of just 36 years. Due to the non availability of resources one or more of children would die and on average could have enough funds a year to spend on medication. (www.worldbank.org cited on 21st May 2008) According to WHO report (2005), In Nigeria the maternal death rate is 59,000 with the population of 140 Millions. African continent countries are having high maternal death in the world. As compared to India, the maternal death is 117,000 with the population of over billion. According to official US report (2007) says that America has dropped from 11th to 42nd place in 20 years being a richest country in the world. The drop is due to more advance way of lifestyle, health care, and better food in the world i.e. Europe, Japan, Singapore and Jordon whose life expectancy is longer. In US the infant morality 6.8 deaths every 1000 births is also high. The worst life expectancy is figured in Africa that is 34.1 years. (The Guardian, 13th August, 2007) Country Infant mortality rate( per 1000 live births) (2005) Life expectancy at birth (Years) 2005 Male Life expectancy at birth (Years) 2005 Female Australia UK China India Nigeria Sierra Leone 5 5 23 56 100 165 78.5 76.7 71 62.3 46 40.2 83.3 81.2 74.3 65.3 47.1 43.4 (www.worldbank.org cited on 21st May 2008) (United Nation, ‘Economic and Social survey of Asia and the pacific 2007’) In UK, Life expectancy at age 65 reached its highest level for both men and women. Men and women could expect live more 16.9 years and 19.7 years respectively. If mortality rates will be same is in 2004/06. Life expectancy at age 65, United Kingdom At birth Life expectancy has also its highest level for both males and females. Boys and girls born in the UK could expect on average to live to 76.9 years and 81.3 years of age respectively. http://www.statistics.gov.uk cited 17th May 2008 Alternative Indicators The flaws in GDP as a measure of national well-being have generated worldwide moves to develop a better index. Most work is focused on developing the index of sustainable economics welfare (ISEW) also known as the Genuine Progress indicator (GPI).it has been constructed for different countries i.e. US, Germany, Britain, Sweden and Australia. In Australia calculation of GPI shows that GPI was generally less than GDP measure until 1976, it grew at nearly the same rate and from 1976 to 1996 the GPI did not increase.† (Hamilton C. 1997 cited by Mc Taggart et al 1999) In 1995, redefining progress, a non profit public policy organization, based in northern California, introduce a measure of progress that is Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI). GPI basic start with the same accounting framework as the GDP, but then makes some distinctions with same indicators as GDP. GPI counts the beneficial progress as positive and destructive activates as negative. GPI add contribution of household activity volunteer work as hiring some one to do it. but real GDP ignore this contribution that money never change hands, GPI calculate income distribution as GPI will rise when poor receive large portion of income and go down if small portion of income received. GPI subtract these factors that are family break down crime and pollution. In real GDP family break down crime are expenses to addition in well being but GPI minus this cost comes from crime or divorce. Real GDP treats pollution as when it created and when it is clean up that is double gain. But GPI subtract the cost of water and air pollution as damage to human health and environment by increasing the nation wealth people should get the more leisure time and more free time for family or other activities. But the GDP ignores the loss of free time. The GPI goes up if leisure time increases. When people spend money to protect against misfortune or spend for improving their living standard i.e. accidents, drinking water filter, pollution control devices etc the GDP counts as additions but GPI treats these expenses as cost.http://www.redefiningprogress.org cited on 28th May 2008) GDP provides a false sense of progress by comparing with GPI. The chart illutrstae that real (inflation adjusted) US per capita GDP and GPI growth between 1950 and 2004, the GPI figure significantly starggle GDP. It shows that when resource depletion, crime costs, and volounteer sector costs, etc., are accounted for, then the per capita net benefit of a rising GDP is fully invalid. (http://www.redefiningprogress.org cited 2en June 2008) In 1990s United Nations created the human development index (HDI). It Examine that how the people are well being. It shows three indicators that are life expectancy at birth, school and adult literacy and real GNP measure at Purchasing Power Parity in US dollars (The Ledger www.bos.frb.org cited 27th May 2008). Human GDP per capita Development Index PPP US$ 0.70 2600 Tajikistan 0.67 2450 0.64 2300 0.61 2150 0.58 2000 Pakistan 0.55 1850 0.52 1700 0.49 1550 0.46 1400 0.43 1250 0.40 1100 Source: HDI and GDP refer to 2005 as reported in the 2007/2008 Report. (www.hdrstats.undp.org cited on 13th May, 2008) In 2005, HDI highlights the very large gaps in well being and life chances for Pakistan. (Figure 1) It shows that the GDP per Capita was high but the HDI indicator was low showing that people are not well being. The HDI for Pakistan was 0.551 which gives the country 136th rank out of 177 countries. (www.hdrstats.undp.org cited on 13th May, 2008) Conclusion The major disadvantage of Real GDP using as an indicator is a measure of living standard. Real GDP is the good measure on economic growth but it fails to measure that how the people are living and are they happy. It does not true impact that if a country is having high GDP and export 100 percent production will also have high living standard. In the view of replace real GDP with the GPI, as for as west concern it will be very hard for them to adopt this because their concern is to strong the economy and business interest. But economic growth does not bring the happiness. As for as economic growth and living standard of country concern, GPI is good indicator for measuring living standard, but social and non-market costs are included are at dispute. might be thease are the reason GPI has not achieved yet as common usage. Overall, however, the GPI aim is to measure the quality of economic welfare but GDP measure the quantity of economic growth. So GDP is failing to measure the living standard of people it should be replace by GPI. Reference ‘The Ledger’ www.bos.frb.org/education/ledger03/measure.html : Federal Reserve of bank of Boston, (cited 06 May 2008) Parkin M, Powell M. Kent M., ‘Economics’ 6th edition, London: Addison Wesley Publishing, chapter 20 Parkin M, Powell M, Matthews K. (2000) ‘Economics 4th Edition’ Addison Wesley Publishing, p.543-547 McTaggart D., Findly C., Parkin M. (1999) ‘Economics’ 3rd edition, Australia: Pearson Education Limited Chap, 21, 22 32 United Nation, ‘Economic and Social survey of Asia and the pacific 2007’ NEW YORK 2007) ‘Economics’ (www.tutor2u.net/economics cited on 07th May, 2008) ‘Pakistan data profile’ ‘India data profile’ http://devdata.worldbank.org cited on 13th May, 2008 MacAskill E. ‘US tumble down the world ratings list for life expectancy’ The Guardian,13th August, 2007) Curren R. 2003 ‘A companion to the philosophy of education’ blackwall publisher USA, page 457 Watts J. ‘Satellite data reveals Beijing as air pollution capital of world’ The Guardian newspaper, 31 October 2005 ‘Using national income data to measure poverty and living standard’ (www.bized.co.uk/virtual cited on 21st May, 2008 Ministry of education, Govt. of Pakistan www.moe.gov.pk cited 22nd may 2008) ‘Hunger Stalks world’s wealthiest country’, (www.ipsnews.net cited on 22nd May 2008) ‘Romania’s Polluted Water a Barrier to EU Member Status’ published on 20 July,2004 (www.ens-newswire.com/ens/jul2004/2004-07-20-04.asp cited on 22 May 2008) World Socialist Website (www.wsws.org cited 22nd May 2008) ‘China Warns water pollution’, BBC NEWS, www.news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/4374383 cited by 23rd May 2008) ‘Implication of Higher Global Food Prices for poverty in low-income countries’ published on April 2008 Policy Research Working paper 4594 www-wds.worldbank.org cited on 23rd May 2008 ‘Nigeria, alarming Maternal Death Ratio’ posted 23 October 2007 www.allafrica.com cited on 23rd May 2008 Newspaper The Independent Dec 2002 Comparative Real GDP per capita and per employed person ‘ www.ftb.bis.gov cited on 27th May 2008 (http://www.rprogress.org The redefining Progress cited on 28th May 2008) World Social Website (www.wsws.org cited 22nd May 2008 Whats Wrong with the GDP as a Measure of Progress? http://www.redefiningprogress.org ‘The Human Development index going beyond income’ cited 13th May 2008, www.hdrstats.undp.org/countries/country_fact_sheets/cty_fs_pak.html US department of state (http://usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/economy-in-brief/page10.html Cited on 22nd May 2008) Mathiason N. ‘Globe- trotting fixer doing deals to help the hungry’ The Observer 18th May 2008 ‘130 Millions more Face falling into hunger trap’ Attewill F., Metro 4th June 2008 BIBLIOGRAPHY:

Laura Ashley and Federal Express Strategic Alliance Essay

Laura Ashley is a global clothing and furnishings retailer based in the United Kingdom. They have grown at a very fast rate from operating 231 retail stores in 1986 to 481 stores in 1990. Unfortunately, its profits were not increasing as expected due to the inefficiency of its logistics management. There was an over dependence on in-house manufacturing, SBUs operated as stand-alone businesses with independent inventory and systems which means duplicated systems that are not integrated, and dysfunctional distribution operations such as outdated inventory ordering methods and inefficient movement of goods along the supply chain. Based on these problems, Jim Maxmin decided to form an alliance with Federal Express BLS, to let them handle the logistics of LA’s business since that is what BLS does best, while at the same time also benefiting Federal Express. The contract between LA and BSI for the strategic alliance was not your typical contract with specific rules, price, penalties, etc. The alliance was a â€Å"win-win business partnership,† with no defined end point and lasting at least for 10 years. The contract had a very relatively loose structure, and it was based on trust and focuses on areas of mutual interest. There were no specifics on defining issues since it may conflict with the mutual interest that this alliance is based on. Both sides have agreed to be transparent and share information with each other, and have mechanisms built in to deal with matters that could not be agreed upon. When it comes to forming a strategic alliance, this kind of contract is good because it is based on a high level of trust and the focus of mutual interests, to help each other gain competitive advantage in the market. Trust is very important in every relationship, even in business. Also, having a loose structure makes more sense in a fast changing environment because specifics changes over time. In other words, the contract was very simple. And by having it to be open-ended, meaning there is no defined end to this partnership. Therefore, if this partnership is successful, they will be able to continue being an alliance and benefit from it. The only problem with this type of contract is that it will be more difficult to assess any  conflicts that may arise between the two companies in the future. From LA’s point of view, I believe this alliance will be very beneficial to them. Currently they are very inefficient with the distribution area of the business, which is costing them a lot more money. It will be difficult and will take a long time for LA to try and reengineer its processes and form a distribution system that will work. So instead of trying to invest all that time and money into reorganizing and developing a working system, forming an alliance with FedEx and having them take over that function will be better since FedEx is known for its logistics expertise. Also, they have one of the best tracking systems in place, and that can definitely benefit LA. By integrating LA’s current systems to FedEx’s systems, it will allow LA to access FedEx’s efficient tracking system, and eliminate the duplicate and independent systems that LA currently have with the SBUs, all in a much shorter time. With the new infrastructure, information is transparent an d flows throughout the supply chain, and everyone will be able to see it. Also, FedEx’s dependable delivery services will get goods to destinations quickly and efficiently, reducing lead time (products shipped anywhere in 24hrs-48hrs), transportation costs, and inventory costs. All this will improve LA’s customer service, better informed front-line employees due to the transparency, reduce costs, improve efficiency in its operations, rebuild its reputation and relationships with its customers, and be more competitive globally. The only downside of this for LA is that they will lose complete control of the distribution part of the business, but at the rate LA is growing with the increasing inefficiency that it’s facing, that is a small price to pay because LA’s current distribution operations needs help. As for FedEx BLS, I believe this alliance is beneficial overall, but it is much more risky for them than it is for LA. For FedEx, it allows them to expand and utilize its capabilities on a global basis. This type of alliance was one of the first, and if successful, FedEx BLS can set a new trend and have a tremendous future. It will improve its current performance in Europe and gain market share due to the increased reputation that this will bring. Also, this could mean alliances with other companies and industries in the  future. FedEx will be able to use the success with LA to form alliances with other companies, which will allow them to gain competitiveness and business. Even if other carriers try to do this in the future, it will be more difficult for those other carriers because businesses will know FedEx BLS are experienced and dependable, and will more likely go to them. But on the other hand, if this alliance was to fail, it would ruin FedEx’s reputation for reliability, which is the most important factor for FedEx in its industry. Also, it would cause FedEx to rethink the strategic-alliances idea, possibly damaging BLS’s potential future.

The Impact of Eleanor Roosevelt - 2120 Words

The Impact of Eleanor Roosevelt as a First Lady Before Eleanor Roosevelt, the role of the first lady was not a political role; it was merely just a formal title of the presidents wife. Eleanor Roosevelt paved the way for all presidents wives to come by being active in politics during and after her husbands presidency. Of course, she did not have instant success; she had many trials which helped her become an important and influential role model. Eleanor Roosevelts dedication to her husband, her activeness in politics, and her volunteer work enabled her to change the role of the First Lady. Eleanor Roosevelt was born on October 11, 1884 to Elliot and Anna Hall Roosevelt. Her mother was very beautiful and thought of Eleanor as a†¦show more content†¦She inspected prisons, checked on the effects of the drought in the Midwest, and unemployment in West Virginia. Then she would come home and report everything to her husband that she observed. She also met with local people and talked about their jobs and lives. Through her, Franklin was one of the best-informed presidents about Americas social conditions (Morey, 49). During World War II, she visited the South Pacific war area and would have breakfast with the troops and visit the wounded in the hospital. She would send Franklin reports on changes that she thought should be made, and observations she had, like how the blacks and whites worked well together, which pleased her (Morey, 66). Eleanor was quickly changing the role of the first lady, even through her activeness in politics. She was a strong advocate for many groups such as women, children, minorities and the poor. As the First Lady, she was doing things that had never been done before, like holding her own press conferences. She also tried to help women get jobs by asking all women reporters to come to her press conferences. In doing this she hoped that editors would hire more women (Morey, 46-47). 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Beowulf Comparison to Modern Day Hero - 2195 Words

From Beowulf to Superman, Why we need our Heroes Heroes, from Beowulf to Superman our cultures have always created heroes. We may always have political, social, economic and religious differences, but at the end of the day we all have one thing in common, heroes. They help define who we are and what we want to be. They give us hope and inspire us to head in the right direction. They show us that good will always triumph over evil and that anything is possible if you set your mind to it. Heroes give us the inspiration we need to overcome problems in our own lives and that is why we create them. Beowulf perfectly embodies the idea of a hero. He defeats the evil Grendel and his mother, slays the dragon and saves his people. He is†¦show more content†¦These are three of the bible’s seven deadly sins that are ingrained in our society. Sins that our heroes are still fighting today. Popular heroes like Superman, Iron Man and Batman, all seemingly fight villains who represent some moral turpitude. However, what is really interesting about these heroes is how closely they resemble a character a thousand years older than them, Beowulf. If heroes are supposed to represent what we as people want to be morally, then it would make sense that they would also represent what we want to be physically. Look at how Beowulf is depicted physically. He is a strong, statuesque man who seemingly towers over his peers. At the time, that is most likely what every man wanted to be. Now look at our heroes today. For example, Batman, who is a tall, handsome, millionaire bachelor who drives nice cars and dates beautiful women. The same can be said for heroes like Superman, Iron-man, Captain America and most other well-known heroes, but in order to fight crime, the heroes do not need these things. This point speaks to the fact that not only do our heroes reassure our moral standings they also embody the physical epitome of what we wish to be. While the phy sical nature of our heroes excites us, it is their actions that we gravitate towards. The premise of the first section of Beowulf is the hero bringing order and stability to a chaotic Heorot. This is similar to our heroes today, where Superman and BatmanShow MoreRelatedEssay about Beowulf and Modern Day Hero670 Words   |  3 Pagesessay is the comparison between Beowulf and the modern day hero. All soldiers that are fighting for my country certainly comes to mind first, when I think about a modern day hero. Both hero’s are fighting for a good cause, get rewarded for what they do, and get treated with much respect. Although a soldier might not withhold unworldly strength as one such as Beowulf, they both are putting their life at stake, which gives them both the title as being a hero. 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